Saturday, August 22, 2020
Describe the ways in which swing music and popular culture were interrelated during the time known as the swing era Essay Example for Free
Portray the manners by which swing music and mainstream society were interrelated during the time known as the swing period Essay Portray the manners by which swing music and mainstream society were interrelated during the time known as the swing period. There were numerous manners by which swing music and mainstream society were interrelated during the time known as the swing period. Jazz turned into the foundation of mainstream society during the period known as the swing time. The swing period affected attire styles, retail promoting, design, move, and even language. Swing fans had their own attire style and assembled a social wonder around it. With numerous moves traveling every which way the swing fans continued moving. Name a portion of the particular advancements Duke Ellington brought to jazz in the 1930ââ¬â¢s and 1940ââ¬â¢s. Duke Ellington got some particular advancements to jazz the 1930ââ¬â¢s and 1940ââ¬â¢s. Ellington was in time known as the best arranger in jazz, he composed around 2,000 sytheses that had organized from solo piano pieces, to works for orchestraââ¬â¢s, to profoundly musical show music, and so on. Ellington made a great deal of changes to make the ideal sound, he utilized an assortment of quiets on metal instruments to accomplish all the more fascinating tonal impacts, frequently offered tunes to instruments that were not normally melodic instruments, and he utilized cross-sectional voicing. Peruse Also:à Topics for Descriptive Essay Ellington made an ensemble in the mid 1940ââ¬â¢s which later got known as his ââ¬Å"Favorite Orchestraâ⬠. 4. Portray why Count Basieââ¬â¢s mood segment is known as the principal current beat area. Tally Basieââ¬â¢s beat segment is known as the main present day cadence segment. Basie made the mood area to ââ¬Å"breatheâ⬠which helped praise rather than copy, just as having the drummer Jo Jones who played the high cap cymbal style. With this Basie had made the All-American Rhythm area which was known at the principal current beat segment on the grounds that Basie had made such an astonishing mood segment to go with the remainder of his band it was strong. 9. Depict a portion of the reasons why the swing time started and why it reached a conclusion. There were numerous reasons why the swing period had started and why it had reached a conclusion. The start of the swing time began from a band called the Benny Goodman Orchestra. They went around on visit to get a spot and had been denied, until their last stop in Los Angeles, CA. The Palomar Ballroom needed to hear the music that had been communicating and this started the swing period. The swing time chose to crumple with a stunning suddenness, with groups all over quitting for the day sacks and closing down. The swing period had unexpectedly finished from evolving financial matters, the war, consistency, the evolving crowd, and bebop the entirety of this had finished what was known as the swing time. 10. Portray how the styles of Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were extraordinary. The styles from Lester Young and Coleman Hawkins were totally different all through the swing time. Hawkins and Young were two of the best tenor sax players that had risen during the swing time. Impressively unique, Hawkins played a colossal dim sound, while Youngââ¬â¢s was light and raspy. A portion of the distinctions were as per the following; Hawkins impromptu creations depended on his boss information on congruity, Youngââ¬â¢s were established in the blues, Hawkins played with a cadenced methodology that was in every case intently attached to the beat, and Youngââ¬â¢s musical origination was a lot looser, and regularly unfastened to the beat. Despite the fact that they had numerous distinctions, they motivated sax players for quite a long time to come. 1. The organizing styles of Ellington and Basie are very unique when put close to one another to thoroughly analyze. In the tune ââ¬Å"Take the A Trainâ⬠by Duke Ellington the mood area of the band is very on point, and wide it is a stand apart segment and needs to come to their meaningful conclusion. They are boisterous unpalatable and need to make you need to move. For the ââ¬Å"One Oââ¬â¢clock Jumpâ⬠by Count Basie the cadence segment is extremely serene and smooth, albeit awesome and has a decent beat, even more a tune to have a smooth night to or to home base and unwind to. I incline toward the tune ââ¬Å"Take the A Trainâ⬠by Duke Ellington, since I like to move and it more accommodates my character of an uproarious and disagreeable fun melody.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Captain Murderer Essay -- English Literature
Skipper Murderer Skipper Murderer was written in the 1800ââ¬â¢s by Charles Dickens. In this paper I plan to expound on investigating character structure, language, social substance and subjects. Skipper Murderer was portrayed as a malevolent character by the storyteller. His situation in the public arena was incredible he was allowed into the best of gatherings. ââ¬ËThe first underhanded character who barged in himself on my quiet youth was a sure Captain Murdererââ¬â¢ The word underhanded originates from the Latin word Diablo which implies fallen angel. He was allowed into the best of gatherings and an alluring spouse. Charles Dickens presents Captain Murderer effectively as an abhorrence character by the language he employments. He weds individuals who have a great deal of cash on the grounds that after he executes them he acquires their cash. Commander Murderer has a propensity for executing his spouses who have a great deal of cash. Charles Dickens shows the peruser the custom that Captain Murderer embraces with each new spouse. These activities are regular of a sequential executioner. He first takes them out on dates in a mentor and six and weds them in a mentor and twelve. ââ¬ËHe had intercourse in a mentor and six, and wedded in a mentor and twelveââ¬â¢ He at that point has his teeth documented sharp, a month and a day prior to the murder. He at that point advises her to make a baked good of a pie, in the event that she doesnââ¬â¢t realize how to make one he at that point educates her. She asks him what is the filling to be. ââ¬ËDear Captain Murderer I see no meatââ¬â¢ He answers ââ¬ËLook in the glassââ¬â¢ He cleaves of her head and places her in the pie, he salts her, peppers her, and sends it to the bread cooks at that point eats it and picks the bones. Commander Murderer follows the structure of a childrenââ¬â¢s story. This is intriguing as the first thought originated from Charles Dickens nurture who would... ...utilizes language we do not utilize anymore. For example underhanded, marriage and colossal. This shows the story was written in the 1800ââ¬â¢s. Charles Dickens effectively utilizes language to show that the story was composed quite a while back. The topic of this story depends on a killer who follows his own custom to execute and eat his spouses. And afterward one sister of twins penances her life for vengeance. ââ¬ËBefore she revealed the glue she had taken a destructive toxic substance of a most terrible character.ââ¬â¢ The twin isn't a killer, we feel that Captain Murderers demise has been legitimized. Charles Dickens effectively show the peruser the lesson of the story immediately near the very edge of vengeance with a common childrenââ¬â¢s story moral that great successes over underhandedness. Dickens utilizes different subtleties from this fantasy classification to make this dull story .anyway it isn't just a solid fantasy.
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Writing an All About Yourself Essay
Writing an All About Yourself EssayI'm writing an all about myself essay. It's a short term essay on a short term issue. This is important for two reasons. The first reason is that this will help me get around some of the legalese that will make my essay less interesting to the teacher and second it will give me a more personal perspective on the topic.The key here is to get a feel for the topic you're writing the essay about. So basically you write about yourself and why you want to write the essay. You could do some research for this topic, you could go to a seminar, but the real key is to get a feel for the topic.Then you write about yourself from that point of view. That's what a good essay should do. Write about your strengths and your weaknesses.Another thing that I'll probably do is get up and walk around writing this essay. It might be best to write in a quiet room but in fact this can be a productive exercise and really help the essay gets into your head. It's a good way to help you get around the essay. In fact you could even use it as your final project at school.Be sure to allow yourself a lot of time. Your writing project shouldn't be a marathon or you'll burn out. It should be like a short term project where you work on it once a week. You could also take a course and complete it while in class.You could also refer back to some articles or books that you have written about yourself. This will help you write a better essay and it will also give you an insight into what the big issue is.Writing an allabout myself essay can help you create a better essay and it will also help you think better. If you need a little inspiration, it can help you get a sense of your writing style and how you can improve it. Overall it will help you get a little more control over your life.
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Essay on Censorship in the Music Industry - 675 Words
Censorship in the Music Industry Censorship in the music industry can be divided into two categories involving new music technology and music products. In the United States, the issue of censorship doesnââ¬â¢t necessarily concern music products but rather new music technology. The music industry has become increasingly concerned with the online peer-to-peer services like Kazaa and Morpheus using the MP3 format or motion pictures expert group which allows users to download music free and fast (Cloonan, 2003). In almost every other part of the world, music is censored someway or another usually by a countryââ¬â¢s government, religious leaders, or individual broadcasters who are financed by their government (Cloonan, 2003). For example,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This particular type of censorship occurred in South Korea in 1997 when the state radio station KBS banned teen pop music due to the clothing style the entertainers wore (Cloonan,2003). A more recent event of censorship occurred in Morocco in March 2 003 when 14 heavy metal fans between the ages of 22 and 35 were convicted and jailed for ââ¬Å"acts capable of undermining the faith of a Muslimâ⬠and ââ¬Å"possessing objects which infringe moralsâ⬠(Index Online, 2003). All were sentenced between 1 to 12 months in jail. The Peopleââ¬â¢s Republic of China is one of the most heavily regulated countries involving music censorship. The Chinese record industry is controlled by the state government through the publishing houses which are also owned by the state (Cloonan, 2003). Essentially, publishers decide to release a music product, arrange the duplication of the master tape, and distribute it throughout the country. Since all the music appears on the market through a publishing house, the government has the power to censor music which they deem to be sensitive (Cloonan, 2003). All music is reviewed by the government in order to check compliance with Article 102 of the Chinese criminal law which states that it is an offence for any person ââ¬Å"to confuse right and wrong, to poison peopleââ¬â¢s minds, to incite the masses and create chaos, to undermine socialist revolution and construction, and to achieve the final goal of overthrowing the peopleââ¬â¢sShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1555 Words à |à 7 Pagescensoring music on the radio and CDs is not a right thing as censorship can hide a meaning of the song. There are a lot of different factors why many people want their songs to be the way that the songwriter writes them. But these people usually forget that there are many more factors why songs should be censored. On the other hand, people want songs to be Ã' ensored because uncensored music can highly affect young children, limit the exposure of people s morality and some people want music to be censoredRead MoreHip-Hop Culture Essay987 Words à |à 4 Pagesa significant influence in the music industry. Hip-hop music generally includes rapping, but other elements such as sampling and beatboxing also play important roles. Rapping, as a key part in the hip-hop music, takes different forms, which including signifying, dozen, toast and jazz poetry. Initially, hip-hop music was a voice of people living in low-income areas, reflecting socia l, economic and political phenomenon in their life [1]. As time moves on, hip-hop music reached its ââ¬Å"golden ageâ⬠, whereRead MoreMusic Censorship1092 Words à |à 5 Pagesgovernment for a redress of grievances, censorship in America still exists in a big way. Music censorship is the term used to describe the act of editing, altering, or preventing the listener from hearing the music as the artist created it in order to either deny certain information or to act as a moral gatekeeper of potentially harmful material (http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~barndollar/courses/spring98/students/fabfive/index.html). The Censorship of music in the United Stated is documented as farRead MoreThe World All Types Of Music Artists1617 Words à |à 7 Pagesall types of music artists are expressing their feelings and views in their works about what they see and what they know. Songs are best way of using freedom of speech right while expressing all feelings and emotions. The question is, are they really free to express their feelings wholly? Unfortunately they are not really free even though First Amendment says they are. Music is a big part in every individualââ¬â¢s life, and everyone has their own and unique tastes in the kind of music they listen toRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship1199 Words à |à 5 Pagesin the United States of America, find censorship helpful when it protects their children from harmful things, but they are against censorship when it is used out of context. Parents seem to appreciate censorship more when it shelters children from learning indecent things in the world that could cause danger to themselves or the others around them (Pillai, Prabhakar ). But censorship is not always good like when it is used in schoolââ¬â¢s or in books; but censorship can be helpful when it is used on theRead MoreLimits to the First Amendment Essays1166 Words à |à 5 Pagesis reasonable to say that more people listen to music everyday and for that reason, music tends to be more influential. The American people should consider the idea of censorship of music lyrics that influence violence. We as Americans, have the voice to make artists think about the harm that their lyrics ca n cause their listeners and possibly change their damaging style. I think it would benefit the American people to research the effects of music lyrics on people, debate the findings of the researchRead MoreEssay on America Needs Music Censorship550 Words à |à 3 PagesAmerica Needs Music Censorship ââ¬Å"Obscene: so excessive as to be offensiveâ⬠(http://www.webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary). This is the way the Webster dictionary defines obscene. How do you? Some say obscene is vulgar; others say the best way to describe obscene is through disgust. No matter how it is thought of, obscene material is everywhere in society. Television is becoming more liberal, magazines are less edited, and music is more abrasive. At some point, the public must put its foot downRead MoreEssay on Censorship of Music1406 Words à |à 6 PagesCensorship of Music In todays society, all types of music artists are expressing their views, opinions and feelings in their songs about what they see and what they know. This is on of the great things about this country, the freedom to express yourself. It is not fair, nor is it constitutional that music should be censored in anyway. It is not only rap music trying to be censored it is in all types of music. They are taking away their rights and it isnt fair. As reported in the New York TimesRead More First Amendment And Music Censorship Essay1284 Words à |à 6 Pagesart form known as music. Musics verbal expression bonds our society through our emotions and experiences. This fundamental right of freedom of expression is being threatened by public and governmental groups who believe they have authority to monitor and decide what others should experience. The censorship of music lyrics is a violation of our First Amendment right, and public groups should not be allowed to bypass this right to censor o bscene lyrics produced in the music industry. Through theRead MoreMusic Censorship Essay625 Words à |à 3 PagesMusic Censorship Since the being of time people have been making and listening to music. Music has been considered the best way to express ourselves. The Bible even talks about how music was used to praise God. Music has been used for all type of things ranging from to getting a girl to notice guy, trying to get over a broken heart, or maybe losing a love one. Now society says that music has become too violent and sexually oriented. Many people have different point of view on this topic some
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Diversity And Diversity Of Diversity - 923 Words
Diversity is engagement across racial and ethnic lines consist of a broad and varied set of activities and initiative (Milem, Chang, and Antonio 2005). Diversity is about recognizing that each individual is unique and have differences. These differences include the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs or other ideologies. Diversity is meant to bring respect, understanding, and tolerance, accepting, embracing the different dimension of diversity. Studentââ¬â¢s that report frequently hanging out with persons of a different racial/ethnic background are more likely to report that their understanding of people different from them has increased. Three type of diversity 1) structural diversity (student body racial composition). 2) curricular/co-curricular diversity (programmatic efforts that expose students to content about race/ethnicity). 3) Interaction diversity (informal student-student cross-racial contact) (Denson and Chang 2009). Racial Diversity is the student body interacting with someone of a different race and ethnicity and engages in a conversation about racial or ethnic issues(Antonio et al. 2004). As the United States become a more racially and ethnically diverse nation. Schools are becoming more diverse, and students need to learn how to interact in a diverse environment. Discussion between the different perspectives of minority and the majority opinions can enhanceShow MoreRelatedDiversity And Diversity Of Diversity1657 Words à |à 7 PagesThus, diversity studies would then be reduced to the conclusion that ââ¬Ëeveryone is differentââ¬â¢ and, if this conclusion is accepted, the concept of diversity may become ââ¬Å"nothing more than a benign, meaningless conceptâ⬠(Nkomo, 1995). The danger in narrowly defining diversity, however, is that only one dimension of cultural diversity (race, age, ethnicity, or gender) is by and large the subject of research at a time. Since a cultural diversit y dimension interacts with other dimensions of diversity narrowRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Of Diversity2133 Words à |à 9 PagesSlavin9 Diversity Leadership ?An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity.?- Martin Luther King, Jr. This quote signifies my feelings towards diversity. I do agree that diversity is important not only in the workplace but in all surroundings of your life. However, it is substantially important in an organization and in a workplace for many reasons. It is a great way forRead MoreDiversity And Diversity For A Company873 Words à |à 4 PagesDiversity is a key contributor in todayââ¬â¢s workforce. Many factors effect diversity and there are guidelines a company can follow to ensure it is diverse. Diversity and inclusion can be tools to create a competitive advantage for a company and can help solve issues by looking at problems from different perspectives. It also contributes to the employees by allowing for work with many types of people. According to Phillips and Gu lly (2014) ââ¬Å"Diversity awareness enables you to hire, retain and motivateRead MoreDiversity And Its Impact On Diversity975 Words à |à 4 PagesDiversity Diversity represents the ââ¬Å"multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among peopleâ⬠(Kinicki Kreitner, 2013). It pertains to the host of individual differences that make all of us unique and different from one another. Diversity in an organization continues beyond hiring employees of numerous backgrounds, but involves embracing and empowering all minorities. Thankfully, globalization and strategic alliances have transformed business economies drastically to set upRead MoreDiversity And Cultural Diversity1288 Words à |à 6 PagesCultural diversity is defined as ââ¬Å"the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a societyâ⬠(Google diversity). As we continue down the path of globalization it becomes important to reflect on the ever-changing landscape of society and the values people may have in them. This applies both towards society and the work place in which society must operate. Companies like Ernst Young, ATT, and Comcas t acknowledge the changing landscape and are leading the charge towards becoming aRead MoreReflection On Diversity And Diversity867 Words à |à 4 Pageshis or her diversity. Also, a leader needs to include every individual to participate in the activities or meetings. The chapter contains the explanation, the history, practice, and barriers of both diversity and inclusion. I will share my reflection about understanding and using diversity and inclusion to become a better leader. According to the article, diversity is the existence of different cultures or ethnicities within a group or an organization. So it telling me that diversity is that eachRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Essay904 Words à |à 4 Pagessociety. Throughout diversity is where there is real value. Hearing different points of view makes us consider more options. At this point we need to stop worrying about being offensive to others and just be open and honest to having real conversations that advance our mission at work and in our communities. We get as much energy from the faces we see in our crowds as we give through our daily interaction with different groups. It is our moral obligation to promote diversity and engage groups ofRead MoreDiversity Of Diversity At The Workplace942 Words à |à 4 PagesIn this weekââ¬â¢s integrated article, review, I am focusing on diversity at the workplace. This is a topic very relevant and important for any organizations success. Diversity at the workplace refers to any characteristic that makes people different from one another. Todayââ¬â¢s workforce is a diverse mix in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, generational attitudes. It is important for an organization to adopt diversity management practices to bring this diverse mix together into a stable productive unitRead MoreDiversity And Cultural Diversity1198 Words à |à 5 Pagestrait. The authors also affirmed that a cultural competent system acknowledges, integrates and incorporates the relevance of culture, evaluation of cross-cultural relations, , and adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs(pg.294). Diversity and cultural competence are two main concepts that are essential to address and take action to incorporate minorities with the main goal to have citizen engagement. Citizen engagement which is defined as the ability, and incentive for regular citizensRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Of The Workforce895 Words à |à 4 PagesCompanies have had to conform to what is known today in society. Diversity in the workforce includes a couple of different aspects. Companies must recruit, train, promote and utilize employees whom are diverse (Bateman, 2013, p. 204). Diverse being individuals who have a different ethnic backgrounds, different beliefs, different cultures, and different abilities. Diversity includes women and minorities, but also utilizing each of the individual employeeââ¬â¢s abilities to help make the company more effective
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Renaissance 14
Renaissance 14-17th century Essay Renaissance 14th-17th Century -meaner revival, also, rebirth revival of interest in ancient Greek, Roman culture, humanist scholars attempted to rid feudal Europe of Church domination and conservatism -old sciences revived, new science emerged -national languages and cultures took shape, free from Roman Church authorityart and literature flourished -began in Florence Italy, spread to all of Europe Due to its geographic position, foreign trade and commerce developed in Italy. accumulation of wealth Rise of Humanism As wealth accumulated in Italy, an increased interest in other things. Nun, academies, libraries, study. Time and money for things of beauty. Intellectuals freed from training of priests and spreading Christian faith, began to represent the views of the bourgeoisie, providing middle class with new philosophies and ideas . heart humanist philosophy The greatness of man. See page 131, Shakespeare quotation promotion of wealth, pleasure, admiration for human body medieval brooding about death and other world replaced by interest in living for resent and future progress of mankind. Literature Vacation Dodecahedron-tale of 7 women and 3 men on way to escape Black Death. Witty, naughty, praise of true love, wisdom. Began to express the voices of modern society. Considered greatest prose achievement in medieval literature. Patriarch- Canneries book of lyrical songs. His works expressed true emotions. Art A break with medieval tradition at end of 13th c. Slowed up by Black Death. Revived Early 1 5th century, a decided break with medieval tradition. -art broke away from Church domination artists, considered craftsman by church, became distinct class like writers and poetsthose considered to do noble work. themes once focused on Bible, now reflected an interest/appreciation for all aspects of man and nature. Reflected reality in depictionmuscles, sinews, and so on . Artists studied ruins of ancient roman and Greek temples, putting many of the perceived principles of ancient civilization into their works. Also, individual collectors began to support themrather than Church exclusively. -introduced into the works, scientific theories and principles of anatomy and proportion. Early artists Sotto?more realistic depiction of space Donatedsculptor, sought to intro. Ancient principles into his work, also engaged in anatomy for knowledge of body. David, a biblical hero in perfect proportions. High Renaissance Leonardo dad Vinci Renaissance man Scientist, architect, engineer, sculptor. Mona Lisa, Last Supper 2 of the most famous paintings in world. Scientist, architect, engineer, sculptor. Michelangelo sculptor, painter, architect, poet went beyond decoration and realism, sought freedom of expression. David, Sistine Chapel Raphael Sweetness of temper, harmony, balance Series of Madonna paintings, School of Athensdepicting Plato and Aristotle arguing, surrounded by audience in variety of postures. Titian Great colorist, became a model for the later modern mode of painting. Also established oil paint on canvas as the typical medium in western art Reclining Nude, Sacred and profane love.
Thursday, April 16, 2020
Video Games And Aggression Essays - Violence In Video Games
Video Games And Aggression As technology continues to forge ahead concerns about its effects on the populace are raised. Whether it be microwave ovens causing cancer or cell phones causing accidents, people are always interested in researching, and often condemning, these new products. Such is this case with videogames. Ever since Pong? swept the nation, scholars have been researching videogames effects on children. The most popular aspect of videogame research is whether or not games increase aggression. A video game is any console or PC based interactive game, aggression is any thoughts or behaviors related with the intention to cause harm. Contrary to popular belief, there is no reliable correlation between videogames and aggression. Claims are the backbone to a study; they are both the starting point and the goal. Cooper and Mackie (1986) sought to discover if a highly violent game would affect 4th and 5th grade kids differently than a nonviolent game or a paper-and-pencil game. Tamborini et all (2000) predicted that aggressive thoughts and behaviors would be highest amongst those playing a violent virtual reality game followed by those playing a violent standard game, followed by those playing a nonviolent standard game. Derek (1995) was interested in what effect, if any, playing violent games would have on aggressiveness in different personality types. Ballard and Weist (1996) researched whether the level of violence in a game would affect peoples responses on a hostility questionnaire. Sherry (2000) performed a meta-analysis on 25 video game/aggression studies; he wanted to see if there was any credence to the claims. All five studies are very similar in their intent. They mostly focus on whether the level of immersion (via different hardware, violent content, and/or graphics) affects the level of aggression. To understand a study one must understand the definitions used within that study. All five studies use the same general definition of a videogame that the general public uses; an interactive game played on a television or monitor whereby onscreen objects can be manipulated through the use of a controller. Violent video games are those that involve death and destruction to things resembling reality and/or fantasy. Definitions of aggression, however, differ. Cooper and Mackie (1986) used a childs toy selection and distribution of reward/punishment as an indicator of aggression. Tamborini et all (2000) consider aggression to be hostile thoughts. Derek (1995) defines aggression as a mindset that includes seven subcategories (the Buss-Durkee Inventory): assault, irritability, indirect hostility, negativism, resentment, suspicion, and verbal hostility. Ballard and Weist (1996) use the word hostility instead of aggression. In this case it refers to thoughts of defensiveness, dominance, aggr ession, self-confidence, nurturance, and autonomy. Sherry (2000) just says, and some form of aggressiveness as the dependant variable. The Cooper and Mackie study and the Sherry study are the only two that incorporate behavior in their definition of aggressiveness. All of the others deal only with thoughts, but are quite similar in their intent. The real make-or-break portion of research is the method in which you seek and categorize the data. Cooper and Mackie (1986) took 84 4th and 5th graders from New Jersey. They had equal numbers of boys and girls separated into three groups. One group played the violent game Missile Commander (a cheesy game where you shoot lasers at little dots representing bombs falling on a city), another played Pac Man (which we all know and love), and the control group solved mazes with pencil and paper. After 8 minutes of game play the kids were told to select a toy to play with while the researcher did some work (the researcher was actually observing how long the child play with each toy. They could select a Shogun warrior (a violent toy), Nerf basketball (an active toy), Lincoln Logs (a quiet game), or pop-up pinball (a skill game). Which toy the child selected acted as an indicator of mindset. After the play session the children were told to hold down a button to indicate the length of a time a child should be punished for various acts of insubordination. They were then told to hold down a button for the length of time a child should be rewarded for various good deeds. Tamborini et all (2000) enlisted 92 MSU
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