Coconut as Activated Fiber Muffler Filter

Valenzuela City Science High School A. Marcelo St. , Dalandanan, Valenzuela City The Use of Coconut Shells (Cocos Nucifera mesocarp) As Green Activated Carbon Fiber For Muffler Air Filter Group Members: De Leon, Glenn Patrick C. Enmil Jr. , Rolando Manuel P. Santos-Diaz, Zoe Marie C. Suyat, Pauline Jirah A. Submitted to: Mr. Albert Tolentino Date Submitted: Aug. 10, 2011 Chapter 1: Introduction Statement of the Problem A. General problem: 1. How could we use coconut shells to come up to an activated carbon fiber? B. Specific problem: 1. What would be the duration of transforming the coconut shells to be activated carbon? 2. How can activated carbon fiber help to filter air in vehicle muffler? 3. What are the benefits and uses of the possible outcome of the research? Hypothesis A. Alternative Hypothesis: Coconut shells are able to produce activated carbon fiber for muffler air filter. B. Null Hypothesis: Coconut shells cannot produce activated carbon fiber for muffler air filter. Scope and Limitations The study will determine the feasibility of coconut shells in making activated carbon fiber for muffler air filter. This research includes the materials and methods that will be used. It also contains the significance of the study and the possible uses of the outcome or result to help our environment. This study has also its own limitations, such that the materials are within the community and the processes will be conducted under the supervision of the research team and the investigatory project adviser. Significance of the Study This study is mainly composed of natural materials like the coconut shells used to make activated carbon fiber. Green activated carbon is very helpful and environment friendly because it can help to cleanse and reduce the pollution in the air produced by vehicle muffler. The product of the study will also use less expensive materials so that it will be cheaper than other muffler air filter. This study will also help the community to lessen the air pollution and provide a cleaner air to sustain life. The possible outcome will be assured to be eco-friendly and able to help nature. Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature The coconut palm (Cocos Nucifera) is a member of the family Arecacae (palm family). This are commonly found on tropics and it is known for its great versatility as seen in the many domestic, commercial and industrial uses of its different parts. Its endosperm is known as the edible â€Å"flesh† of the coconut, when dried it is called copra and its mesocarp is known as the coconut shell. The coconut thrives on sandy soils and is highly tolerant of salinity. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (150 cm-250 cm annually). Coconut also need high humidity (70%-80%) for optimum growth. Optimum growth is with a mean annual temperate of 27? C (81? F) and growth is reduced below 21? C (70? F). Coconut shells is an appropriate substitute in making an activated carbon because of its absorbent properties. Activated carbon, or activated charcoal, that has been processed to make extremely porous and thus to have s very large surface area for absorption. The process of activated carbon generation begins with the selection of a raw carbon source. These sources are selected based on design specifications since different raw sources will produce activated carbon with different properties. Some of the more common raw sources include wood, sawdust,  lignite,  peat, coal, coconut shells, and petroleum residues. Related Studies The research team primarily choose the topic because of the abundant resources within the community, and resources are one of the most important factors to consider before conducting a research or study. The proponents were able to found out that there are a lot of studies before that is related to the one presented now. Chapter 3: Methodology Materials Quantity| Name of material| 3 kg| Coconut shell| 1 liter| Water| 1 pc| Oven| 1 pc| Burning sink| 2 pc| Plastic pail| pc| Draining stray or Strainer| 1 pc | blender| 2 pc Zipper bags| 25% concentrated solution Calcium chloride (CaC12) and Zinc chloride (Zn C12)| Procedure First thing to do is to keep all the required materials ready for making activated charcoal: coconut shells (without meat), burning sink, oven, 25 percent concentrated solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) or zinc chloride (ZnCl 2), sterilized water, plastic pail, draining tray, zipper bags and blender. Before starting the procedure, strip off coconut shells, wash thoroughly with clean water and allow them to dry completely. If drying is not done properly, they may be difficult to burn. Add the dried coconut shells in the burning sink by adjusting the temperature to about 600 – 900 degrees Fahrenheit. Maintain the recommended temperature range and burn continuously for about 4 ? hours or until the coconut shells turn into ash. For safe handling, leave the ash until it cools down. After the ash has cooled down, carefully take out the ash from the sink and transfer it into a clean plastic pail. Then, pour the 25 percent concentrated solution of calcium chloride or zinc chloride into the plastic pail. The amount of calcium chloride or zinc chloride solution should be such that the ash is soaked completely into the solution. Cover the pail with a lid and leave for 20 – 24 hours. During this process, the chemicals are impregnated into the ash, after which further treatment will transform the ash into activated charcoal. The next step is removing the charcoal from the chemical solution and transferring it into a draining tray. Allow solution to drain for about 1 hour. For removal of any trace chemicals from the charcoal, wash and rinse repeatedly with sterilized water. Thorough washing is essential in order to get rid of the chemical solution, which is one of the most common problems in the making of activated charcoal by chemical activation procedure. After washing, keep the charcoal in the tray for draining water. Following this, transfer the charcoal into an oven, setting the temperature to about 215 – 230 degrees Fahrenheit and bake for about 3 hours. After baking, remove the activated charcoal from the oven and crush it with the help of a blender.

Defective Good in Law

INTRODUCTION WHAT ARE GOODS Goods have been defined in the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 as every kind of moveable property other than actionable claims and money; and include stock and shares, growing crops, grass, and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 lays down that defect means any fault, imperfection or shortcoming in the quality, quantity, potency, purity or standard which is required to be maintained by or under any law for the time being in force under any contract, express or implied or as is claimed by the trader in any manner whatsoever in relation to any goods. An average Indian consumer is noted for his patience and tolerance. Perhaps because of these two traditional traits and due to the influence of the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the Bhagavad Gita, he considers the receipt of defective goods and services as an act of fate or unfavourable planetary position in his horoscope. When a new television or refrigerator purchased by him turns out to be defective from day one, he takes it reticently, blaming it on his fate or as the consequence of the wrongs committed by him in his previous birth. Very often he is exploited, put to avoidable inconveniences and suffers financial loss. It is rather paradoxical that the customer is advertised as the â€Å"king† by the seller and service provider, but in actual practice treated as a slave or servant. Goods are purchased by him along with the label â€Å"Items once sold by us will never be received back under any circumstances whatsoever. WHAT ARE DEFECTIVE GOODS A product is in a defective condition, unreasonably dangerous to the user, when it has a propensity or tendency for causing physical harm beyond that which would be contemplated by the ordinary user, having ordinary knowledge of the product's characteristics commonly known to the foreseeable class of persons who would normally use the product. With regard to the issue of ‘legal cause,' a defective condition is a legal cause of injury if it directly and in natural and continuous sequence produces or contributes substantially to producing such injury, so that it can reasonably be said hat, except for the defective condition, the injury complained of would not have occurred. A defective condition may be a legal cause of damage even though it operates in combination with the act of another, some natural cause, or some other cause if such other cause occurs at the same time as the defective condition and if the defective condition contributes substantially to producing such damage. Thus, in cases involving allegedly defective, unreasonably dangerous products, the manufacturer may be liable even though you may find that it exercised all reasonable care in the design, manufacture and sale of the product in question. On the other hand, any failure of a manufacturer of a product to adopt the most modern, or even a better safeguard, does not make the manufacturer legally liable to a person injured by that product. The manufacturer is not a guarantor that nobody will get hurt in using its product, and a product is not defective or unreasonably dangerous merely because it is possible to be injured while using it. There is no duty upon the manufacturer to produce a product that is ‘accident-proof. ‘ What the manufacturer is required to do is to make a product which is free from defective and unreasonably dangerous conditions. Any consumer who receives any defective goods can make a complaint. A consumer cannot make a complaint if the defective item. CASE STUDY: Mahender purchased one Britannia Good Day Biscuit packet and one Little Hearts biscuit packet at a ration shop. M/s Sri Raja Rajeshwari General & Stainless Steel Shop for Rs. 17/- and got the receipt for the same. He took the biscuit packet to his house and handed over the Little Hearts Biscuit packet to his younger son aged about seven years. After sometime his son started weeping. On questioning him he said that the biscuit packet had no biscuits in it. Then Mahender himself checked and found that the sealed packets did not contain any biscuit. He filed a complaint in the District Forum. The manufacturer did nothing and denied the supply of the biscuit packets without biscuits but filled with air. Mahindra claimed damages and compensation of Rs. 60,000/- on the ground that his son kept weeping for the whole night after seeing the empty biscuit packet. Further, the manufacturer, Britannia Company alleged that Mahindra colluded with the retail owner and filed the complaint to extract money. Instead of accepting that some random defective pack came into the market and solve a simple matter like this, the manufacturer Britannia Company made false allegations that it was a concocted story. The District Forum held that it is an unfair trade practice to supply empty packs without biscuits. It directed them to pay Rs. 2,000/- as compensation and Rs. 500/- as costs of complaint to be paid within one month. ? DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS Defective products may cause injuries even serious injuries to an individual. In fact, it is the cause of thousands of injuries every year. This may be due to the manufacturers or to the corporations who design and sell the products but do not consider the well-being of the consumers. These manufacturers are more of profit than safety of the products. Thus, it put buyers to risk and danger. When you are injured or harm in any way by a faulty product, you should seek a defective product injury lawyers who could help you to make the negligent party liable for producing unsafe products. These are the products that consumers buy which usually has defects: Brakes Tires Airbags Restraint system such as seat belts Firearms Farm equipment Helmet Prosthetics Pharmaceuticals Products and Strict Liability Product Liability law in India LIABILITY FOR MANUFACTURING OR DISTRIBUTING A DEFECTIVE PRODUCT IN INDIA In India, Product liability law, also called â€Å"products liability†, governs the liability of manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and vendors for injury to a person or property caused by dangerous or defective products. The goal of product liability laws is to help protect consumers from dangerous or defective products, while holding manufacturers, distributors, and retailers responsible for putting into the market place products that they knew or should have known were dangerous or defective. Under the law, a victim has three grounds on which a defective product claim may be based and liability of the manufacturer may be established in the case: 1. Marketing defects – it is very important that a product includes warnings. Warnings should tell consumers about the dangers of the product, including instructions on how to use it. Marketing defect are those products without warnings or with improper warnings about the products possible threats. 2. Manufacturing Defects- these include defects that occurred when manufacturing the product or during the process of making it. . Design defects- a flaw or defect to the product that were not detected during the design process. This defect is inherent and exists even before the product is made. Meanwhile, strict liability does not rely on the level of carefulness. It is not important whether the manufacturer exercise great care. As long as the product they produced or sold is defective and caused harm to a person, they will be h eld automatically liable. Also, strict liability allows a person who was injured by a defective product, to obtain compensation from the manufacturer or seller of the product. Even if the other party is negligent, you can still get remuneration for damages. This is because manufacturer, seller or retailer has a responsibility for any product they produce. Civil Product liability in India is, essentially, governed by: a) The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 b) The Sales of Goods Act, 1930 c) The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (hereinafter referred to as the â€Å"MRTP Act†) d) The law of Torts. e) special statues pertaining to specific goods. CASE STUDY: In a Pair, one Shoe is longer than the other Anand Raj had purchased a pair of shoes from M/s. Metro Shoes Ltd. for Rs. 2,190/-. After one day’s use he was shocked to find that the shoes were defective as one of them was longer than the other. He rushed to the shop for an exchange. That was denied to him, but they offered to rectify the defect. M/s Metro Shoes Ltd. tried to rectify the same but Anand Raj found it uncomfortable to wear even after repairs. Complaint was filed in the District Forum. Metro Shoes denied their liability and argued that the cash memo given to the purchaser reads as ‘Exchange within 15 days for unused pair with price tag intact’. It was not that the shoes were used extensively as they were brought to the shop immediately. During the proceedings in the District forum, Metro Shoes Limited agreed to replace the said pair of shoes but all the same Anand Raj was put to inconvenience and forced to take matter to a consumer forum. The District Forum held Metro Shoes Ltd. deficient in service for selling a defective product and directed them to pay Rs. 2,190/- after receiving the said pair of shoes from Anand Raj along with a compensation of Rs. 1000 and Rs. 500 as costs. Anand Raj. B. v. M/s Metro Shoes Ltd. , C. C. No. 261 of 2008, decided on 9-6-2008. What are the reliefs available to consumers? Consumer courts may grant one or more of the following reliefs:- A) Repair of defective goods. B) Replacement of defective goods. C) Refund of price paid for the defective goods or service. D) Removal of deficiency in service. E) Refund of extra money charge. F) Withdrawal of goods hazardous to life and safety. G) Compensation for the loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to negligence of the opposite party. H) Adequate cost of filing and pursuing the complaint. I) Grant of punitive damages. What Is The Legislation That Ensures All These Rights? It is the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. The act seeks to promote and protects the interest of consumers against deficiencies and defects in goods or services. It also seeks to secure the rights of a consumer against unfair or restrictive trade practices, which may be practiced by manufacturers and traders. There are various levels of ad judicatory authorities that are set up under the Act, which provide a forum for consumers to seek redressal of their grievances in an effective and simple manner. When can I approach a consumer court? You can approach the consumer guidance society and consumer court if the goods you have purchased have any defect in quality quantity, purity or standard. You may also do so if the service you have paid for has any fault, shortcoming or inadequacy. In the quality, nature and manner of performance. The list of services is long, including the nature of transport, telephones, electricity construction, banking, insurance, medical treatment, etc. By and large, services of Professionals such as doctors, engineers, architects, lawyers, etc come under the purview of consumer courts. What happens if I have bought the goods on installments? Even if you have partly paid for an item or service or under any method of deferred payment you can file a complaint if it is defective or deficient. Can I file a complaint in case the good is purchased for a commercial purpose? No. If the purchase of goods (or service) is for commercial or resale purpose, you cannot file a complaint in the consumer courts. You have to approach the civil court. There is an exception though. If you are a self-employed person and the product (or service) is exclusively for the purpose of earning your livelihood, you may approach the consumer court. Is there a time limit to filing a complaint? Yes. The complaint is to be filed within two years from the date on which cause of action has arisen unless it can be proved that there was a good enough reason for filing a complaint after the lapse of two years. CASE STUDY Imported Magnetic Bed – Defective and Ineffective Lakshmana Reddy purchased a magnetic bed for Rs. 1,48,500/- from the Frontier Trading. This was an imported bed from Japan, which was called ‘Japan Life Total Sleeping System’. It was supposed to help in ailments including polio, paralysis etc. Literature regarding this magnetic bed and leaflets were shown to Lakshmana Reddy by their agents who pursued him continuously for purchasing it. Lakshmana Reddy was a polio-paralytic patient and after taking intensive medical treatment and physiotherapy exercises he completely recovered with regard to his right leg and to some extent with regard to his left leg within a period of two years and started walking by using caliper on his left leg and with the help of hand stick. In 2000, he purchased the Japan Life Sleeping System. He did not get any relief; in fact, he started having giddiness. It did not make any improvement in the left lower limb muscle and the experts informed him that it was unlikely to improve in future. He had no improvement in his health after purchasing and using the magnetic bed. Case was registered against the agent in the police station and the Commissioner of police also inquired about cheating by the agents. It was also published in the newspapers that this agent has been cheating not only Lakshmana Reddy but many others. The District Forum held that it was deficiency in service on the part of the agent and the rest and made them jointly and severally liable to pay a sum of Rs. ,48,500/- along with interest at 12% p. a. from 01. 04. 2000 till the date of payment with compensation of Rs. 10,000/- and Rs. 1,000/- as costs. WHO CAN FILE A COMPLAINT? †¢A consumer †¢Any voluntary consumer organization registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 or under the Companies Act, 1956 or under any other law for the time being in force â € ¢The Central Government †¢The State Government or Union Territory Administrations †¢One or more consumers on behalf of numerous consumers, having the same interest (Class action complaints) WHERE TO FILE A COMPLAIN: If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked for is up to Rs five laky, then the complaint can be filed in the District Forum located at Pushpa Heights, Pune Satara Highway, Bhiwandi corner. †¢If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked for is more than Rs five lakh , but less than Rs 20 lakh then the complaint can be filed before the State Commission notified by the State Government or Union Territory concerned †¢If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked for exceeds Rs 20 lakh then the complaint can be filed before the National Commission at New Delhi. FILING PROCEDURE PROCEDURE FOR FILING COMPLAINT: A complaint can be filed by a complainant against the seller, manufacturer, or dealer of goods which are defective or against the provider of services, if they are deficient in any manner whatsoever. An unfair trade practice or restrictive trade practice can also invite complaint. A complaint can be a:- (a) Consumer to whom such goods are sold or delivered or agreed to be sold or delivered or such service provided or agreed to be provided; (b) A firm registered or unregistered (c) An individual (d) Hindu Undivided Family. e) A cooperative society or any other association of persons (f) The Central or the State Government; and (g) in case of death of a consumer his legal heirs of representatives Along with the complaint, the complainant is required to file copies of supporting documents, i. e. , cash memo, receipts, agreements, etc. The complainant is required to file 3 copies of the complaint, together with enclosures, for official pur pose plus copies for the number of Opposite Parties. The complaint should be filed along with fee in the form of Postal Order/ Demand Draft according to the amount of compensation claimed. JURISDICTION FOR FILING COMPLAINTS In terms of the provisions contained in the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, complaints:- 1. Where the value of goods or services and compensation, if any, claimed below Rs. Twenty Lacs or upto Rs. Twenty Lacs, can be filed before State Commission. 1. Where the value of goods or services and compensation, if any, claimed exceeds Rs. Twenty Lacs but does not exceed Rs. One crore, can be filed before State Commission. The complaints can be filed at the Filing Counter of the State Commission on every working day from 10. 30 a. m. to 1. 30 p. m.

Gadget Addiction Essay

â€Å"All these appliances. the phone and the computing machine. they expose the interior of your encephalon in a manner that’s bad. † Michel Gondry Promotion in engineering and communicating has resulted in legion appliances. Every secon. d a new appliance is being introduced in the consumer market. Peoples have come to a point where they can non populate without these appliances. As a consequence. appliance dependence has become a serious job in the universe particularly among the young person. Gadget dependence is basking a peculiar activity really much such as laptops. Ipods and Play Station and disbursement every bit much clip as possible making it ( Oxford English Dictionary. 2012 ) . Today. it is hard to conceive of a modern adolescent without a nomadic phone or any other appliances. The distressing research found that 97 per cent of 11 to 16-year-olds owns a nomadic phone – eight per cent more than the per centum of grownups who own one ( Dr. Emma Bond. 2009 ) . Gadget dependence is caused by the desire to acquire more freedom and the attractive force of the appliance applications. Subsequently. this dependence may do unhealthy life style among adolescents and impact their academic public presentation. The first cause for gadget dependence among young person is the desire to acquire more freedom. The ground for this state of affairs is video games provide a window to another universe. where the individual playing the games holds all the power and decides the destiny of all the practical lives. This is in contrast to the existent universe which is full of emphasis. failure. intimidation and struggles. In other words. freedom that comes from the picture games helps teens experience more powerful and confident. Now we are populating in a new millenary where 97 per centum of kids ages 12 to 18 would prefer to play videogames on laptop. Play Stations or Gameboy. Research has found that 41percent of people who play on-line picture games admitted that they played computing machine games as an flight from the existent universe ( Hussain. 2009 ) . Example of the picture games that provide the young person with more freedom are contending games like Mortal Combat. action games like Counter Strike and simulation games like The Sims. It can be concluded that playing video games with appl iance frequently appear harmless. but they can be really detrimental to kids and teens that are missing in self-denial. Another ground for this job is youth are attracted to the appliance applications. The young person are attracted to the sound. artworks. images. lifes and besides how the applications are used which is available in games and societal webs. Most of the young person prefer to the appliance applications that is related to communications such as Facebook. Twitter. Skype and Yahoo mail. This is because. societal webs are an easier manner to portion what they think and feel. This is contrast with the existent universe where their voice is ignored by the others particularly seniors. Furthermore. they besides feel more comfy to show what they think without the demand to be face to confront with each other. Besides that. they besides like to pass their clip playing on-line games. Harmonizing to Liz Thomas. ( 2011 ) . childs now spend an norm of one hr and 50 proceedingss on-line and two hours 40 proceedingss in forepart of the telecasting every twenty-four hours. Normally. sounds that had been used in the applications are appropriate and comply with the young person. The artworks and lifes besides attract the young person to maintain playing those games. In other words. these applications have its attractive force that can do the childs to go addicted to appliances. Gadget dependence besides brings the negative effects. One of them is it can impact lifestyle and wellness among the young person. Majority of young person that spend long hours in forepart of their computing machines are incognizant they are victims of bad position. ictuss. cervix hurting and insistent hurt. Dr. Craig Kasper. Director of audiometry at the New York Otolaryngology Group. warns that these devices can besides do ear harm if used improperly. Furthermore. fleshiness is besides one of the effects of this job. Prolonged usage will lend to inactive life style. Persons that are addicted to societal webs are seldom incognizant about their consumption of bites and carbonate drink. Besides that. they besides did non make exercising and make out-of-door activities. Next. young per son who are addicted to the appliances will besides see the radiation impact viz. electromagnetic-radiation beginning held near the encephalon. Research has found that cell phone engineering hurts adolescents worse than grownups. â€Å"What the horror-stricken research workers saw on their proctors was deep incursion of cell phone microwave radiation into soft encephalon tissue† ( Put This in Your Ear and Light It. 2005 ) . All in all. this has shown how appliances addiction can take to unhealthy life style and wellness. Appliances addiction among the young person besides may impact in their academic public presentation. Many of them fail in scrutinies because they spent a batch of their times with the appliances. Furthermore. young person besides use their scholarship to purchase the latest appliances alternatively of academic books. Therefore. they are unable to make alteration. Besides that. young person besides use improper linguistic communication in the communicating webs like short signifiers. As a consequence. it has become a wont either in their day-to-day life or learning procedure. The survey by Pew Interne t ( 2008 ) has proven that 50 per centum of the pupils use informal slang in their assignments. Another. 38 per centum admit they used shortenings in their school assignment like ‘LOL’ . which stands for ‘laugh out loud† . Furthermore. there are besides pupils who use a phone to seek the cyberspace during trial to happen replies. This state of affairs has a really negative consequence on a pupil. his couples and trial consequences of other pupils ( Parker. 2006 ) . In add-on. young person besides use their appliance for amusement intent including erotica services and violent games. This may take to harmful effects and bad behavior. As a consequence. this will impact their behaviour and concentration in the category. The worst is they besides may be expelled from the schools or universities. In a nutshell. appliances addiction among the young person will impact their academic public presentations. All in all. the development of engineering has negatively impacted our society. As a consequence. many of them particularly youth have become addicted to the appliances. Gadget dependence is caused by the desire to acquire more freedom and the attractive force of the appliance applications. Subsequently. this dependence may do unhealthy life style among adolescents and impact their academic public presentation. Nevertheless. parents and authorities should take steps protecting adolescents from unpleasant effects. For illustration. parents should explicate to their kids these appliances can do wellness job. Government should take actions by organized a run to increase the teenagers’ consciousness about the bad effects of appliances. Everyone must take a stairss to forestall this job from going serious.

First topic is (Arrest Discretion) & the second is (The war on Drugs) Essay

First topic is (Arrest Discretion) & the second is (The war on Drugs) - Essay Example The guardian was his fifty-two year old grandmother who was his legal guardian because his mother was unfit to take care of her children. The juvenile has not lived with his guardian for a year. He was a drug dealer and was drunk when he attempted to enter his grandmother’s home. His grandmother commenced to hit him because he displayed disorderly conduct, calling her a â€Å"bitch.† A police officer was called to her home. Since her grandson was under eighteen, the grandmother could have been legally arrested because she was guilty of assault, physical child abuse, and neglect, but based on the circumstances, the juvenile was told not to come back to the home. In this case, arrest discretion was used to determine if arresting the grandmother was proper. Police officers use arrest discretion in many situations. When an officer does not want to make an arrest, he or she does not make an attempt to threaten the person. When an officer is at the end of his or her shift, the officer knows that he or she will not see the person again. However, when the officer wants to make an arrest, the officer picks a person out of the group who is usually rude and places them under arrest. Regardless of departmental regulations, officers frequently use arrest discretion techniques when deciding who should be placed under arrest. Police officers play a detrimental part in the fight against illegal drugs. Drugs existed long before people were arrested for drugs. Jails are filled with people who have been caught with drugs. However, police officers should practice police management in an effort to fight the war on drugs, which would reduce the number of arrests and the costs for imprisonment. Drugs are compared to the affects of alcohol in the 1830’s, which caused immoral activities and a need for laws banning its distribution. However, the problem is not the drug itself. It is the violent consequence from its distribution and sell. The drug

Physical Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical Science - Essay Example Finally, the photo thermal effect is where the photons absorbed transform to heat energy (phonons) through vibration of molecules. Energy can also transform when nuclear reactions occur. Through fission or fusion, subatomic particles are rearranged hence creating a transformation of energy. The final factor that facilitates transmission of energy from one form to another is the action of forces. These forces include gravitational force, frictional force and electromagnetic force fields (Rathore, 2011). A common transformation is that of kinetic energy to heat energy. The atoms of a substance are in constant, random motion. As the atoms slide against each other molecules come into contact and, therefore, interact via electromagnetic fields causing vibration. The random vibration of molecules and atoms in a substance result in the increase of pressure within the substance. These vibrations may also increase with an increase in external or internal temperature of the substance. An incre ase in the vibration of the substance’s molecules and the subsequent increase in pressure transform potential energy into kinetic energy thereby leading to an increase in the kinetic energy. High kinetic energy is an indication of high temperature, therefore, heat energy (Rathore, 2011). Energy is necessary for running peoples everyday lives. A common source of energy in the world today is fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon compounds formed through the biochemical decomposition of organic compounds over millions of years. Examples of fossil fuels include oil, coal and natural gases such as butane. These fuels are attractive sources of energy because of various reasons. The first reason is that these sources of energy can be utilized differently to produce energy. One can burn them directly or derive other compounds such as petroleum, used to run vehicle engines, in the case of oil. Above the efficiency, other products such as plastic are derivatives of fuels such as oi l. A single location with fossil fuel can produce large amounts of energy beating the prospecting and mining costs by ten folds. Through pipelines, it is particularly convenient and cost effective to transport oil and natural gas from one station to the other. Finally, gas run power plants are extremely efficient, and they can be located anywhere there are abundant gas sources (Pimentel, 2008). Fossil fuels are non renewable and a potent source of pollution through carbon emissions. With the pressing need to curb global warming and its adverse effects, new environmental friendly energy sources need to replace fossil fuels. Wind energy is a clean, renewable source of energy. Tapping wind energy requires the construction of turbines. Wind posses kinetic energy that turns these turbines, through this process, kinetic energy turns into mechanical energy. This energy runs the generator connected to the turbines hence producing electric energy. Locating a wind power station is more taskin g than locating a fossil fuel station. However, the energy produced by wind is clean compared to fossil fuel energy. Also, the cost of constructing a wind farm can be offset through the subsequent efficient production of energy (Pimentel, 2008). Another source of energy scientists seem to approve in place of fossil fuel energy is solar energy. This form of energy requires the utilization of the photo thermal effect. Solar cells absorb the photons within the sun rays. The photons transform the solar cell electrons into conduction

Crimes against humanity and the international community Research Paper

Crimes against humanity and the international community - Research Paper Example Genocide in Rwanda was a result of the sudden death of Rwandan president Juvenal, a Hutu when the plane he was traveling in was shot down in Kigali, which propelled ethnic tension between the country’s Hutu and Tutsi. Between 500,000 to one million lives of Tutsis together with thousands of restrained Hutus were slaughtered in the plain genocide since horrors of holocaust after the world withdrew and watched. The US policy at the time of genocide; even though, the US officials at the never convened to conspire or allow the genocide to unfold, their convictions regarding the occurrences indicate they the official actually sat and allowed the genocide to unfold. This is evident since many of US policy makers who were able to make decisions knew enough regarding the genocide in time to allow them to save the lives of the Tutsis and Hutus that perished in the massacre, nevertheless, the US passed up numerous opportunities to intervene. There were many early warning of the Rwanda g enocide but they were systematically brushed aside; for instance, the Belgian ambassador in Kigali in 1992 revealed that a secret group in Rwanda was planning to exterminate the Tutsis of Rwanda in an attempt to resolve for the last time the problem of ethnicity. The 1994 Rwandan genocide has been considered remarkable for its speed of violence and widespread participation that had an estimated 200,000 killers who managed to massacre more than half a million Tutsi’s in mere 100 days. In early 1990s, Hutu extremists in Rwanda’s political elite faulted the Tutsi minority for the nation’s increasing economic, social and political pressures; moreover, Tutsi civilians were accused of supporting the Tutsi-dominated rebel group, which known as the Rwandan Patriotic front (RPF). This propaganda and constant political maneuvering the then president together with his group increased the rifts between Hutu and Tutsi toward the end of 1992, considering the past, which was d ominated by oppressive Tutsi rule; majority of the Hutu not only resented but also feared the minority. On April 6, 1994 following the downing of the plane that was carrying the Hutu president violence in the country began almost immediately killing high profile opponents of Hutu extremists and people suspected of being Tutsi. During the genocide, families were killed at a time and women systematically and brutally raped by people who were part of the estimated 200,000 individuals who perpetrated and participated in the nation’s genocide. After a span of few weeks 800,000 men, women and children died in the genocide and as much as three quarters of the Tutsis; moreover, during this time many Hutus were murdered if they opposed the massacre campaign as well as the forces that directed the campaign (â€Å"Genocide in Rwanda†). Therefore, it is evident that the Rwandan genocide arose from the conscious choice of the political elite to embrace hatred and fear in order to k eep them in power, with the small privileged group setting the majority community against the minority in an attempt to counter the increased political opposition in the nation. However, when they were faced with the triumph of RPF within the battlefield as well as being in the negotiating table with them, the few holders changed the approach of

Writing a proposal for case study in conflict management design system

Writing a proposal for in conflict management design system - Case Study Example The system should be able to resolve conflicts using the interest based approach, the rights based approach and the power based approaches. For conflict management systems to be successful, organizations should be commited to educate its employees on positive values and beliefs that are associated with conflict. The organization should commit itself to educate its employees on behaviour that is compatible with successful conflict management systems. The employee attitudes towards conflicts should be neutral. The organization should commit resources’ in educating employees on the need to avoid perceiving a conflict as a situation whose outcome is about gains and loses. This is because a conflict management system will work if the mindset of employees is not tilted in the direction of a blaming mindset. Allowing for elimination of a blaming mind set ensures that the conflict management system assists in handling conflicts in a constructive manner. This will significantly reduce unproductive employee time, work place stress and litigation (Bercovitch & Jackson, 2009). The organization should provide open communication systems vital for the working of conflict resolution systems. Once the organization commits itself to having an open communication system, it will have provided a ground for the working of the conflict resolution system, by eliminating the mistrust between employees and managers. For the conflict management system to work the organization should ensure that it commits itself to avail primary decision making centers in the organization’s structure. Moreover, the organization needs to put up decision making centers that are cooperative. This will promote consensus and facilitation when the systems are used for conflict resolution. The project intends to achieve myriad objectives through the conflict resolution systems. The system will ensure that

Strategy at Comet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategy at Comet - Essay Example The main strength of Comet is that it had developed the shopping experience of its customers, both in its online presence and retail store presence by use of modern computer technology (â€Å"Comet†). However, its main weakness is that it does not fully consider its customers, with whom it seems detached. Most of its strategies were not customer-centered, besides selling their products expensively. This paper therefore addresses the SWOT analysis of this company, in order to determine what could have led the company to collapse, and what can be done to revive the situation. Comet Group Limited Company is owned by OpCapita, but is currently in administration by Deloitte. This specialized electrical retailer has its headquarters in Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, which is its primary location. It has a total of 8 000 employees and 240 electrical stores in the UK. Being part of OpCapita LLP, Comet does not release its financials. Comet claims to have prioritized its customers’ needs such as price, choice, and services (â€Å"Comet†). Comet Company is highly diversified as it distributes a wide range of electrical products to its market. These include home appliances as well as electrical office equipment, among others. Home appliances sold include fridges, laundry, dishwashers, freezers, cooking products, and small kitchen appliances. In addition, it also distributes electronics such as televisions, digital versatile discs, computers, cameras, satellite navigation, camcorders, games and consoles, iPod, MP3, HiFi systems, blu ray, and a wide range of phones. Other special services offered by Comet are next day delivery, and home delivery services. Its representatives also perform full installation of products for customers, take back, and recycling facilities for large products, as well as after sale services (Moth 2011). Comet boasts of both the direct and online presence. Customers can shop directly at their stores or shop online through the

El Nio and La Nia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

El Nio and La Nia - Research Paper Example It is for this reason that during the El Nià ±o events, the easterly trade winds are intense and the global weather patterns are often the opposite of those of La Nià ±a. Based on theory, the competing and ocean feedbacks are the responsible elemental forces that are said to drive the direction of the warming (Goddard and Dilley 651). If this theory holds true, then scientists are looking forward to the point by which the La Nià ±a will have to be propagated in the same course or direction, but there are scientific findings that reveal that it did not (Dong 3373). This was even made clear when Dong argued that there are existing anomalies in the asymmetric nature of El Nià ±o and La Nià ±a sea surface temperature (SST). On the other hand, modern technology and understanding in climatology reveal the concept or idea about Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). This measurement is based on the idea linked to the surface water pressure. The negative SOI reveals that El Nià ±o takes place when the surface pressure is higher somewhere in Darwin and Low at Tahiti, but La Nià ±a occurs when the SOI is higher or positive, and this is the moment when the normal equatorial water is found to be cooler and in a wide spread across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific (Dong 3373). The SOI was found to be a cycle, within the period of at least three to five years. On the other hand, some scientists are convinced with the idea that El Nià ±o and La Nià ±a are significant components of the natural process prior to the evolution of life on earth. For this reason, these phenomena are considered to take place in the cycle as evolutionary part for the continuing existence of life. Another theory remarkably suggests that the sun, which is the major source of energy and life on earth is the main reason as to why there exist cold and warm energy that produce wind. This turbulence caused by the wind, both cold and hot,

Hope versus reality-where do you stand Essay Example for Free

Hope versus reality-where do you stand Essay Hope is the quintessential human delusion, simultaneously is the source of the person greatest strength, and the greatest weakness. It is true to say that somewhere between optimism and pessimism is where we usually find realism. Logically, it is impossible to stop yourself from hoping certain things, but it becomes a problem when hope for something good becomes a delusion. It is good to hope for better conditions, but it is bad to call hope a virtue, then use that to justify deluding yourself into thinking that you know things will turn out how you expect them to. All we may agree that hope is essential for us and from experience, many situations may look hopeless to us at first glance, and if we stumble in the hopelessness, we may find things that have the potential to bring about changes in our life. Hope is not the denial of reality, but it is the realization that you cant predict the future. I believe it is natural for humans to adhere to hope and search for change, even in the most hopeless situations. I also believe that everything in this life has a probability that could be positive or negative, so hope is the positive part of the probability, while pessimism is the negative segment of probability. So, we need hope in order to thrive and to live life fulfilled and encouraged. It is essential that we understand how hope develops and how it plays such an important role in our life In contrast, realism is the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly. So you need to live in reality by controlling your dreams and fantasy. If you feel that your dreams and fantasy are occupying your thinking it is possible to set up your goals and work on achieving them. You have to remember that every time your mind tried to slip into dreams and fantasy you do your best to force yourself to concentrate on what is real. With time you’ll find yourself spending more time in reality more than the time you spend in dreams and fantasy. Don’t be pessimistic and you have to remember that most of the important things in the world have been accomplished by people who have kept on trying when there seemed to be no hope at all- Dale Carnegie.  Finally, it is acceptable to spend some time in hope but don’t live in it, you need to live in reality which is the way in getting things into results.

The Hollywood Effect Of The Reel Bad Arabs Media Essay

The Hollywood Effect Of The Reel Bad Arabs Media Essay Watching Dr. Jack Shaheen documentary Reel bad Arabs, in which he discusses almost a 1000 Hollywood films featuring an Arab and concludes that the vast majority of which portray Arabs in a distorting manner, I found myself really fond of the idea of the power of media in positioning peoples minds in favor of a secret agenda and so forth, I found that I deeply agree with Dr.Shaheens claim that the Hollywood movie industry, almost always portrays Arabs as bad since it is influenced by the US foreign policy agenda. How Media Affects Public Opinion In the last 50 years the media influence has grown exponentially with the advance of technology. We now live in a society that depends on information and communication to keep moving in the right direction. The media has a huge impact on society and also in public opinion. It can shape the public opinion in different ways depending of what is the objective. Repetition Effect Al tikrar biallem il hemar -By repetition even the donkey learns-, this Arab proverb encapsulates how effective repetition can be when it comes to education: how we learn by repeating an exercise over and over again until we can respond almost reflexively. For more than a century now, Hollywood, too, has used repetition as a teaching tool, tutoring movie audiences by repeating over and over, in film after film, insidious images of the Arab people. From earlier times to the present day consider how these images have affected honest discourse and public policy. Building Stereotypes Stereotyping has existed with us since the beginning of time in our day to day life .With these repetitive patterns going over and over in front of our eyes, as audience, we start building our own images about others based on these patterns, breeding them into our minds and revitalizing them whenever stuck in a situation . Bottom-line, instead of getting to know the truth, we tend to resort to our preconceived notions rather than judging things as they are, which involuntarily, builds stereotypes in our minds. Manipulating Public Opinion Normally, stereotypes are fast and fairly effective because not everyone can be able to travel to every nation and verify the true state of affairs, thus techniques of misinformation and name calling are used by media outlets in attempt to convince the public to belief generalities made about a particular group, in this case Arabs, to be true in areas such as religion or politics. For example, after the attacks of 9/11 the media gave a huge coverage of the event and exposed Osama guilty for the attack as they were told by the authorities. This shaped the public opinion to support the war on terrorism, the same happened with the war on Iraq. The problem is that if media received inaccurate information then the public opinion supported a wrong cause, and this is the power of public opinion influence. Hollywood As A Source Of Knowledge And Influence A Positioning Weapon Hollywood movies have been around now for more than century and have and will continue to impact us and future generations. Nowadays, Hollywoods motion pictures reach nearly everyone. How Arabs Are Portrayed In Hollywood Seen through Hollywoods distorted lenses, Arabs look different and threatening. Projected along racial and religious lines, the stereotypes are deeply ingrained in American cinema. According to Dr. Shaheen words, What is an Arab? In countless films, Hollywood alleges the answer: Arabs are brute murderers, sleazy rapists, religious fanatics, oil-rich dimwits, and abusers of women. They [the Arabs] all look alike to me, quips the American heroine in the movie The Sheik Steps Out (1937). All Arabs look alike to me, admits the protagonist in Commando (1968). Decades later, nothing had changed. Quips the U.S. Ambassador in Hostage (1986), I cant tell one [Arab] from another. Wrapped in those bed sheets they all look the same to me. In Hollywoods films, they certainly do black beard, headdress, dark sunglasses, in the background-a limousine, harem maidens, oil wells, camels. Beginning with Imar the Servitor (1914), up to and including The Mummy Returns (2001), a synergy of images equates Arabs from Syria to the Sudan with quintessential evil. In hundreds of movies evil Arabs stalk the screen. We see them assaulting just about every imaginable foeAmericans, Europeans, Israelis, legionnaires, Africans, fellow Arabs, evenfor heavens sakeHercules and Samson. Dr Shaheen believes that such Arab images serves not only for dehumanation, but mainly for increasing abhorrence towards that group of people in an attempt to back up the U.S foreign policies and agendas. The findings of a recent study suggest that Hollywood films influence viewers perceptions and attitudes towards Arabs extensively. Similar approaches to Dr. Shaheens were taken and mostly rendered the same conclusions such as Jamie C. Friess, which pointed out that Hollywoods representation of the Middle East ebbed and flowed with the foreign policy realities of the United States across time underlying the belief in the presence of a link between U.S. diplomacy and popular films portrayal of Arabs. Possible Reasons Behind Hollywood Portrayal Complement American Foreign Policy The interpretations of Hollywoods representation of Arabs involve different, often contradictory, types of image. They also suggest that the intensification of the Arabs stereotypical image over the last century from comic villains to foreign devils did not occur in a vacuum but, certainly, with the intertwinement of both political and cultural interests in the region. It is believed that this was motivated indirectly by U.S imperial objectives. Justify War In Palestine, Iraq And Afghanistan Arabs are politically characterized as soldiers of Allah with no mercy and who do terrible things; they are not just villains but also dangerous and they need to be politically and militarily contained. The concept shows how the situation in the region is badly in need of help Western, and in particular American. Just the needed situation that can fairly justify wars in Afghanistan and in Iraq and work as a great cover of the real intentions behind such wars, which is clearly economic-oil-.Moreover; keeping the international world silent about the ongoing Palestinians killings. We -Arabs- Fail To Fix Our Image To bring about fundamental changes in how motion pictures project Arabs, a systematic lobbying effort is needed. Though the Arab-American and Muslim-American presence is steadily growing in number and visibility in the United States, Regrettably, only a few Arab-Americans meet with and discuss the stereotype with filmmakers. Though when dialogue does occur, some discriminatory portraits are altered. Conclusion In conclusion, I would like to re-insist on the fact that Hollywood movies- as a media outlet- can influence public opinion extensively on the way Arabs are perceived and that they can actually serve, in one way or another, as a tool of manipulation or oven be manipulated themselves in order to enforce different governmental policies. Both the American authorities and corporate media helped to outline the Middle East within an ideological bias that shapes the public understanding of the region. Such a cultural discourse has stressed an epic struggle between the civilized, democratic, modern West and the brutalized, barbaric, primitive East. This manipulation should be processed to maintain the notion that these nations need, and will continue to need, American protection not just from their enemy but from themselves as well.

Reflection on the understanding of Wound Aetiology

Reflection on the understanding of Wound Aetiology Whilst on Community placement, an event occurred which enabled me to reflect on how important it is to understand the aetiology of wound care in order to practice holistically when delivering care to patients. In order to assist the reflection process the Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle will be used which encompasses 6 stages; description, thoughts and feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan which will help me to continually develop and improve my nursing skills and knowledge through evidence based learning whilst developing my self confidence in relation to caring for others (Siviter 2008). To maintain confidentiality and comply with the NMC Code of Conduct (2008) all names have been changed. Description My mentor and I had visited a patient, who will be known as Mary (NMC 2008) in her own home. Mary is an elderly lady, who lives alone and had been suffering with chronic leg ulcers for a number of months which had not shown any signs of improvements for a number of months. The purpose of the visit was to take down the existing dressings, assess any improvement or deterioration in the wounds and to treat and redress the wounds in accordance with the current care plan. As predicted there was no significant improvement in the wound. Therefore I debrided the wounds, applied an emolument and redressed with NA dressings, gauze and applied a 4 layer bandage which is recommended in the study by ( ) under the supervision of my mentor. After leaving a patients house my mentor and I discussed the visit and talked about the importance of not just treating the obvious problems but taking an holistic approach. During this discussion my mentor asked me to assess Marys nutritional status and if required talk to her about the importance of healthy eating and the positive implication it may have on wound healing during our next visit. Thoughts and feelings I have always been interested in the importance of nutrition in respect of health and was had a vague aware that it had an effect on wound healing. (DH 2010). As we visit a number of patients with chronic leg ulcers I thought it would be a great advantage if I understood the aetiology of wound healing and what effect nutrition had on the process, I also felt that if people could be empowered to improve their nutritional status and maximise to maximise their healthy outcomes then this would be a very powerful tool. Although there are many factors wound fail to heal and a holistic approach should be taken. This assignment will focus on wound healing and nutrition. Evaluation I felt empowered that I could affect peoples health in providing quite simplistic knowledge in terms of health promotion to people and was able to deliver holistic care to mary in accordance with the NMC code of professional conduct (2008). If Mary had been given information sooner on the effect good nutrition may have on her would healing then she may be in a position where her legs would have been improved sooner. Analysis There are many definitions of a chronic would with one of the simplest perhaps being described by as a skin defect persisting longer than 6 weeks or frequent recurrence of the defect. Wounds, especially chronic wounds are amongst the major unresolved medical problems which can affect quality of life and are a significant burden on health care costs (Thomas 2006). In the UK, there are around two hundred thousand suffering from chronic wounds at any one time. The healthcare cost for these patients is estimated to be  £2.3- £3.1 billion per year (Posnett and Franks 2008). Infection, poor nutrition and impaired organ function are the main reasons many wounds fail to heal (Johnson et al 2005). However to optimise effective wound healing a holistic approach should be taken and therefore these reasons should not be reviewed in isolation. The process of wound healing is a series of cellular and biochemical events which can be categorised into three stages of inflammatory, proliferative and maturation. The healing process is complex; these stages can often overlap and result in the healing process moving forwards and backwards in response to various factors (1). Whilst a wound is healing there is a significant increase in cell proliferation, protein synthesis and enzyme activity which demands energy which would normally be released from protein reserves and energy stores (1). The body mainly uses glucose to provide this energy during cellular activity such as protein synthesis, cell division and secretion (Bray et al 1999). When body tissue is damaged the hypothalamous responds by releasing the stresss hormone catecholamines which in turn increases the bodies glucose levels (Morrison et al 1999).   Evidence suggest that wounds can increase the bodys metabolism which, if not addressed will result in weight loss, a particular problem with elderly people (Lal et al 200- and DeSanti 2000). Clark 2002 also states that a lack of sufficient energy sources can inhibit wound healing resulting in body fat being broken down and used as a substitute for glucose to assist the healing process. Morrison et al (1999) also confirms that inadequate nutrition can reduce the effect of the systemic response and consequently delay the wound healing process. (1). Landsdown (2004) says that although wound healing is an individual process which varies from patient to patient due to factors such as age, sex, health status, socioeconomic, racial and geographical influences, correct identification and treatment of chronic wounds is paramount to successful would healing. What is agreed is by many that to promote the best possible wound healing opportunities the body will demand energy and requires nutrients for proliferation and maintenance (sev references). Nutrition is recognised as the cornerstone of good health by the World Health Organization (WHO) and The National Service Framework for Older People highlight nutrition as an important area for nurses to assess properly, observe for malnutrition and taking action, such as advice and support if nutritional requirements are inadequate ( DH 2001). There are many studies which have concluded that nutrition plays an important part in the process of wound healing. In particular many acknowledge the link between the inflammatory stage and nutrition (Sobotka and Meguid 2010). Many chronic wounds remain in the inflammatory stage. Casey (2003), states that the healing process can be prevented or significantly delayed when patients diet does not contain essential nutrients. Brown et al (2010) agrees with this and suggests that whilst nutritional requirements vary between patients a lack of adequate nutrients cause delayed wound healing. However, there is much research to show that nutrition is crucial in a holistic approach to wound healing(Todorovic 2002).  According to Bryant (2000) the importance of adequate nutrition for good wound healing should not be  underestimated. Williams and Leaper (2000) concur stating that whereas good nutrition facilitates healing, malnutrition delays, inhibits and complicates the process. If a patients nutritional status is compromised, and they are unlikely to meet their requirements for recovery (Collier, J., 2006) However Sobotka and Meguid (2010) point out there is still a lack of sound wound healing studies due to a number of reasons such as design and execution, and lack of full understanding of the pathphysiology of wound aetiology and understanding of the more complex wound healing issues. They also suggest there are many rituals and myths surrounding wound healing which delays the process and affects the advances and progress of wound healing therapies. Nutrition deficiencies have been found in some patients with wounds. However, evidence suggests nutrition is not an exact science in relation to wound healing and is relatively unexplored Protein, vitamins and some amino acids are all important factors in the effectiveness of wound healing. Proteins are the mainstay for tissue growth, cell renewal and repair. They have a significant impact many stages of the wound healing process. Continuous protein malnutrition compromises the immunity system and has a detrimental effect on the skin which becomes thinner and wrinkled (Brown et al 2010). In particular Vitamin B is found in meat, dairy, vegetables and fish and cereals. Vitamin b helps to promote cell proliferation, maintain health skin and muscle tone, support and increase metabolic rate and enhance immune and nervous system functions and therefore deficiencies in this vitamin can hinder wound healing (Landsdown 2004). Studies have shown that elderly patients with chronic wounds have consumed less than two-thirds of the recommended daily allowance for vitamin B. Paragraph on amino acids The elderly in particularly can become nutritionally vulnerable. 30% are at a high risk of being malnourished in the UK and a further 70% at moderate risk. Malnutrition is a major cause for concern in elderly people, whether they are hospitalised or live in the community. It is important for nurses to be aware that sub-optimal nutrition has a detrimental effect on the bodys ability to heal wounds. Nutritional deficiency also impacts on a persons well being such as muscle function, immune response, respiratory function, rehabilitation and mental status (Kirshbaum 2009). There are many reasons older people suffer with malnutrition which include decreases appetite, psychosocial factors such as isolation and depression, impaired cognition, teeth and chewing problems, help with eating, poor positioning and acute illnesses which effect gastrointestinal absorption and requires higher nutritional input (Harris 2004). During short periods of starvation the body can lose 60-70 grams of protein. However severe trauma or sepsis can increase this loss to 150-250 grams per day (Wild et al 2010). To compensate for this loss, in addition to regular food intake, nutritional supplements containing protein and energy are often prescribed which would seem a logical way to replenish nutrients and supply additional nutrients to aid wound repair(Wild et al 2010) (Schols J et al 2009). However Brown et al (2010) states nutritional supplements in the context of wound healing is a relatively unexplored area suggesting this may be because nutrition is not an exact science. To further add to this argument Krishbaum (2009) says that detailed information on supplements and their ability to help with wound healing is not available. Williams and Barbul (2003) confirms that controversy surrounds the area of wound care and nutritional supplements. A patients nutritional requirements are a fundamental aspect in the provision of holistic care and it is important for nurses to consider this when carrying out a nursing assessment to formulate a wound management plan. Together with other health professionals it is the nurses responsibility to gain knowledge in nutritional support to be able to offer help and advice and if necessary counsel undernourished patients in ways to improve their diet (Johnstone et al, 2005).. According to  (Hopkins, 2001)  nursing assessments, particularly of wounds, can be inclined to concentrate on physical aspects of wound management, for example the use of appropriate dressing and infection control. This was also evident from  observation and participation of practice nursing work experience. There is evidence that poor nutritional status adversely effects wound healing (Haydock and Hill, 1986), delays healing and increases the risk of wound dehiscence (Ruberg, 1984), and that dietary intervention can improve or accelerate wound healing. Conclusion Nutrition is important in wound healing although it is impractical to consider nutrients in isolation, several nutrients appear particularly important for wound healing. Proteins and amino acids are vital for tissue growth, renewal and repair after injury. Several studies have found deficiencies in various wound patients. Most studies have been small in size and of short duration. From the research many of the info has come from America and not so much been done in the UK. However, I still think that the importance of nutrition is still a vastly underestimated and ignored issue in primary care, not just my general practice. I at the beginning of this module knew little about nutrition and healing and feel that perhaps other health professionals could become better informed. On reflection incorporating teaching sessions for other healthcare staff may have addressed this concern. I intend to now keep myself informed of advances in nutrition and healing and continue to assist patients and colleagues understanding. From the perspective of a General Practice Nurse (GPN) it was considered that they may be ideally suited to act as facilitator to aid nutritional assessment and education of those in the practice population with wounds. Assessment Action Plan I am still going to visit this lady twice a week and am going to ask at each visit if she is still eating healthily and what she has had to eat and offer simple suggestions in ways to eat food which will promote her wound healing, which in turn should improve her lifestyle. And I am going to look for other opportunities to teach and promote health whilst clinically treating patients.

My Favorite Web Site and Why Essay -- Analysis Web Design Essays

My Favorite Web Site and Why Some Works Cited Missing In contrast to most of the other people in this class, I had never done any net surfing. So to prepare for this paper I explored the WWW for approximately seven hours. This helped to create an impression on me of what constitutes a good Web site. Finally, I decided on a favorite SF/CP Web site and I asked myself what made this site better than others. The Web site is dedicated to William Gibson (Foley) site which scrolls a picture of the writer on the site projecting an air of authority. The problem with the William Gibson site is that the background does little to complement the site. The background for the BR site however, not only complements the title but helps project the mood of the site. Blade is backed by the complimentary color of a cool blue. This blue emits a soothing tone and desolate atmosphere because of its relation to the black. This atmosphere is common in the film. The figure of the BR is backed by the fade from blue to black similar to in the movie where the Decker d is found under soothing colors and mysterious shadows. Runner is backed by an abysmal black; an image found articulated in the movie in flying scenes over the futuristic LA and under the feet of Deckerd when dangling from Roy's grasp. Fans of the film can relate to the effective use of graphics in portraying the mood of the film. Critics to the use of graphics may argue that the home page is do directed to fans as to lose credibility in fulfilling the criteria to non-fans. As mentioned earlier, the author of the site had provided clues that the site is intended for fans; however, this site fulfills the site so well that non-fans are actually satisfied with this sites fulfillment of this criter... ...topic of the site, William Gibson. When clicking the info link, one would expect to see information concerning William Gibson, but instead this link is concerned with the producer of the site. "Info" doesn't even hint that this kind of information is going to be linked. This site fulfilled the criteria extremely well as a site directed at Bladerunner fans. But, as I already adressed arguments against this site becuase of its seemingly narrow focus to fans, I believe I proved the site to be exceptional even under the eye of a non-fan. Chapman's intelligent formatting of the sight and thoughtfulness for non-fans helped him far exceed my criteria of impressive graphics pertaining to the subject, simplicity in stlye and organization, and relevant links. Works Cited Chapman, Murray. The Requiem-William Gibson. 1995. Foley, J. Off-World (Bladerunner Page).

Mathildes Inability to Accept Destiny in Guy de Maupassants The Neckl

Mathilde's Inability to Accept Destiny in Guy de Maupassant's The Necklace Many people born into the middle to lower class of society come to accept their lot in life and make the best of it, Mathilde, the main character in Guy de Maupassant's short story, 'The Necklace', is not one of these people. Mathilde felt that she was attractive and that fate must have made a mistake in birthing her into a family that could not provide a suitable dowry for a proper marriage. This situation left her with no choice but to marry Mr. Loisel, a minor clerk. Although many would think that Mathilde would have come to accept her lot in life, she never did; as time passed she dreamed more about the things she lacked, became more discontent with the things that she did have, and she even became manipulative and inconsiderate towards her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child Mathilde lived a simple life with her family of clerks and copyists, and as a wife she lived a simple life with her husband, thus Mathilde?s excuse for her insatiable craving for expensive and luxurious things was destiny. ?She was one of those pretty and charming women, born, as if by error of destiny, into a family of clerks and copyists? (paragraph 1). Mathilde dreamed about ?large, silent anterooms, decorated with oriental tapestries and lighted by high bronze floor lamps, elegant valets in short culottes dozing in armchairs under forced-air heaters. She dreamed about large drawing rooms draped in expensive silks, with fine end tables on which where placed knickknacks of inestimable value, and she dreamed of dainty private rooms designed for tà ªte-à  -tà ªtes? (paragraph 3). A glamorous house was not all that Mathilde dreamed about, ?she dreamed of expensive banquets with shining place settings, and wall hangings portraying ancient heroes and ex otic birds in an enchanted forest. She imagined a gourmet prepared main course carried on the most beautiful dishes, and whispered gallantries which she would hear with a smile as she dined on the pink meat of a trout or the wing of a quail? (paragraph 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Mathilde was not busy daydreaming about the things that were lacking in her life, she was busy complaining about the things that she did possess. Mathilde never once considered that she was fortunate because she owned furniture, she considered herself unfortunate because the furnishings that she did own wer... ...obligations, did business with finance companies and the whole tribe of loan sharks. He compromised himself for the reminder of his days, risked his signature without knowing if he?d be able to honor it? (paragraph 94). Thanks to Mathilde and her desire to save face and not seem irresponsible to her friend, Mrs. Forrestier she and Mr. Loisel were forced into a true life of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After going through such hardship and trial, such as heavy house work, dirty kitchen jobs, hand-washing the laundry, taking the garbage out, carrying water up the stairs, haggling and defending each penny (paragraph 99) Mathilde still did not learn her lesson. She did not learn to be satisfied with what she had and be grateful; proof of this is evident when she says that ?sometimes when her husband is at work. She sits down near the window, and dream of that evening so long ago, of that party, where she had been so beautiful and admired? (paragraph 103). One has to wonder what it would take for Mathilde to realize that maybe her destiny was not to be rich, envied and sought after as she so often dreamed, maybe her destiny has been fulfilled, and she?d exactly where she?s supposed to be in life.

Problems in Baltimore

Baltimore is a port city that is filled with many popular tourist attractions such as its museums, aquarium, and sports teams. It is also a city that has been on the decline for many years. The crime, drugs, and unemployment levels have all risen over the past two decades. Back in the Baltimore heyday, it was a booming city with high levels of port traffic. Today however, the ports are not seeing as much activity as before and that has led to an increase in unemployment and crime. Could Baltimore be on the same path Camden, NJ was on: booming port overtaken by crime and drugs? The television series â€Å"The Wire†Ã¢â‚¬  was based in and on Baltimore. Created and written by a former journalist for the The Baltimore Sun, David Simon, each season focuses on a different facet of the city: the illegal drug trade, the sea port system, the city government and bureaucracy, the school system, and the print news media. The show tried to create a realistic vision of an American city through truthful characters. There are good cops portrayed in the show, however many of the officers are incompetent, show excessive force, and are portrayed as having human qualities. Some residents and city officials credit the series for increased scrutiny by the media on its government, education system, drug problem, and crime. It did shed light on the illicit drug use in the city and its effects on the lower class's ability to grow in the fields of education and organization. In 2011, the U. S. Census Bureau reported that Baltimore County, MD had a population consisting of 65. 4% white and 26. 8% black/African American residents. The median household income in Baltimore County is $63,959. Broken down further, minority median income is $31,400 versus $57,048 for white/caucasian residents. Across the country, taxes and costs of goods and services is on the rise. It is very difficult for a family of four to live on $31,000 a year without public housing assistance and welfare programs. The poverty statistics are very interesting. According to the census data, 28% of Baltimore families with children under the age of 18 are living below the poverty level. That number increases to 40. % for female-headed families with no father present. The blame for poverty is an age-old question which usually produces the same answers: high taxes, barriers to occupational entry, and other economic factors. When you factor choice into the equation, the numbers change significantly. The poverty rate diminishes greatly for households that choose to marry and have children later in life, obtain a higher education, and stay of out jail. The poverty rate for married households with children under the age of 18 is 7. 4%. The answer seems simple: obtain higher education and marry later in life. Cecelia Elena Rouse, an economist and Dean of the Woodrow WilsonSchool of Public and International affairs at Princeton University, conducted focus groups in Baltimore City, MD. She was looking at income expectations to determine if there was a correlation between expected income and college attendance. The sample consisted of low-income minority high school seniors. She found that income expectations of low-income minority students are not so different from higher-income students. Low-income students are less able to turn their college plans into college attendance (Rouse 1314). The Maryland State Department of Education has reported that starting in 2007, city schools were beginning to show progress in its school reform effort; graduation rates were rising while dropout rates were decreasing. While progress has been made, more work and focus needs to be done in the Baltimore education system. The non-attendance rate has been recognized as a problem among low income students. Poor students are four times more likely to be chronically absent than their peers. Problems standing in the way of good school attendance include inadequate transportation, unstable housing, lack of health care, high incidence of chronic illness, and poor nutrition and safety concerns (Chang 7). Baltimore is one of three cities that have attempted to address the issue of absenteeism. The school districts and the community have partnered in building a culture of attendance. Strategic grants and investments have helped to make this possible. Franklin Square Elementary and Middle School is a successful model in Baltimore. Approximately 91% of its students receive free or reduced cost lunches and the class sizes are large, often 40 or more students in a class. Despite that, the school has one of the highest attendance rates in the city. There is an outreach program that holds students accountable and creates an environment of wanting to go to school. The school provides clean uniforms, dental care, after school activities, and free haircuts to help boost attendance (Chang 9). The question that needs to be answered is can the high school culture in Baltimore continue to cultivate this safe, nurturing environment such as the one created at the Franklin School. Upper elementary and high school students offer new problems that need to be addressed; teen pregnancy, drug use, and gangs being three that stand out the most. In the early 1990's, a study was completed in Baltimore that focused on teen mothers. It started in the late 1960's and followed two hundred fifty teenage mothers who gave birth during that time. In 1988, the first born of the teenage mothers were in their teen years and the sample statistics showed 37% had dropped out of school, 46% had completed high school, and 17% went on to higher education. This study concluded there was a direct correlation to the number of years the father was present, high maternal education aspirations, few years on welfare, high preschool cognitive ability, attendance in preschool, and no grade failure in elementary school and continued education beyond high school (Brooks-Gunn 278). In its fourth season, â€Å"The Wire†Ã¢â‚¬  focused on the education system in Baltimore. A first year middle school math teacher, who was a former police detective, struggles to connect with his students. Many of these students were schooled in drug dealing and gang activities. He came to the realization that in order to get them to learn, he had to trick them into learning. The fourth season of â€Å"The Wire † focused on the social conditions that cripple the Baltimore education system: fragmented families, declining neighborhoods with few legitimate jobs, indifferent city leaders, and a lack of educational resources. Even the students who want to learn face enormous obstacles, one of the biggest being the Baltimore education system compared to others in the country, is far behind. â€Å"The Wire † portrayed the problems plaguing the students and teachers. It is a pattern that will continue to be repeated generation after generation until the city, state, and federal governments make a commitment to rebuild it. According to the FBI crime statistics released in 2011, Baltimore is the fifth deadliest city in the country and the seventh most dangerous in overall violent crime despite its lowest homicide rate since the 1980's. It has taken decades of poverty, disinvestment in the community, and a general sense of hopelessness for Baltimore to become known as such a violent city. Arresting and prosecuting criminals is a crucial step in combating crime, however reinvestment into the community by federal, state, and local governments is also needed to turn the city into a safe, prosperous environment. There is a long-standing theory that suggests that teens are more likely to use heroin, crack, and/or cocaine if they have first used alcohol or marijuana, the latter which is preceded by alcohol and tobacco. In a study that was conducted in Baltimore, the median age for first drug use (alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana) was 14 years of ago and first heroin, crack, and cocaine use was 17 years of age (Curry 441). Parental drug use was a determining factor in predicting childhood drug users and also peer influence (Curry 442). There needs to be continued focus on educating and rehabilitating the young drug users before they begin exploring with injection drug use. The Baltimore Neighborhood Indicators Alliance was launched in 2002 to establish a way of understanding the changing neighborhoods and quality of life within the city. Forty outcome indicators were developed in order to measure progress and to hold the city leadership accountable (Bembry 97). A study was conducted comparing five US cities, Baltimore being one of them, and the effects of federal spending on the cities over time. Two â€Å"health checks † were taken, six years apart and looked at hardship factors: poverty, unemployment, dependency, housing built before 1939, percentage without a high school diploma, and the crime rate (Parker 1844). In each city, there was significant progress over the span of six years which show that federal spending, or any spending at the federal, state, and/or local levels, can help revitalize the community. In tough economic times, there is more need for government funds to help the community as unemployment rates are high. High unemployment creates desperation which spurs crime. According to the Census Bureau, in 2011 one in four Baltimore residents lives in poverty leaving more than 37% of Baltimore's children live in poverty. Being born into poverty is a good marker for being poor throughout life and creates an entire host of problems: high school dropouts, high crime rates, high poverty rates. Similar to various historical periods in history, being born into poverty creates a high predisposition for remaining in poverty. Federal, state, and local programs have created positive change and effects in cities like Baltimore where crime and poverty are some of the highest in the country. However during difficult economic times, government spending is difficult to procure and if it is being spent incorrectly or ineffectually it is not reaching as many people as it could. Rebuilding a city that has been mired in poverty is a difficult task with high costs. History shows us that initiating change while children are young and reinforcing that change can foster growth within a community. In Baltimore, urban planners are striving to rebuild communities with a mix of lower and middle income families. They feel this will improve the chances of residents maintaining their homes, patronizing local business, going on to post high school education, and keeping their neighborhoods safe. Despite ominous statistics, Baltimore has shown some improvement through programs implemented by the government. A dedication by leaders and the community will be key in the rebuilding of Baltimore.

Cultural Influences on Love

But when Is love ever true and committing? That Is why American tradition values marriage; the supposed full-term commitment of love and care. B) Sexual intercourse between partners is usually considered as love. Sex is valued as a freedom, and anyone could participate in sexual relationships. Even when someone isn't married or together, our American tradition views it as a natural incident. I believe love could just be caring deeply for someone and supporting them. Though someone once told me that love doesn't exist; it's just a made-up hooch!C) Transition: Consequently, people can catch sexually transmitted diseases and the false assumption that sex is love, and can destroy a persons life. That assumption is usually obtained from the mass media. II. American culture also influences love by mass media. America is known for its mind-shaping media which includes television, newspapers, music/radio stations, and especially the internet. A) It is a fact that the American society has alw ays been influenced by the mainstream media. We see or hear opinions and facts on TV or radio that others eave broadcasted.Most people give information that is most likely based on unfounded assumptions or unreasonable views. Love Is a topic that Is controversial In terms of how we should go about It. B) The media has portrayed love In many different aspects. In movies and TV shows love might be shown as a sacred and personal relationship between a husband and wife, or that special night for a teen couple on the mountain peak. Sex Is often mistaken as true love In the media. For example, I never had sex with my ex- relined and I truly loved her.Today, our views on love can be Influenced by networking such as Namespace, Twitter, or Faceable. C) Transition: However, all of these Influences and Ideas are biased, and can prove to be misleading. Society shouldn't believe everything In the media (or others). That is why American culture is based on individual freedom. America. We have the right to decide and think for ourselves on any topic or any action we choose. A) Today, American citizens have the right to choose who they can love or have sexual intercourse with.Whether it be a husband/wife or boyfriend/girlfriend, we can decide. B) Individual freedom also gives us the right to decide if a loving relationship isn't so loving. For example, a chaotic marriage. Couples can file for a divorce if agreed upon. Transition: Definitely, No matter how you view it, love should be honest and true. It should be pure, whether in a sexual relationship, marriage, or friendship. Love is a valued term and emotion that American culture has influenced by tradition, freedom, and the mass media.

The Person I Admire

Maria Corazon â€Å"Cory† Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office. Aquino was also the first popularly and democratically-elected female president and head of state in Asia. [1][2] She is best remembered for leading the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, which toppled the authoritarian regime of the late strongman Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. Tita (Auntie) Cory†, as she is affectionately known, is considered and revered by many Filipinos as an icon of Democracy, and has been hailed by TIME Magazine as the â€Å"Saint of Democracy,† due to her well-known spiritual life and strong adherence to non-violence and democracy. A self-proclaimed â€Å"plain housewife†,[3] Aquino was married to Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. , the popular opposition leader and staunchest critic of then President Ferdinand Marcos. Senator Aquino was assassinated on August 21, 1983 upon returning to the Philippines after his exile in the United States. After her husband's assassination, the widowed Aquino became the unwilling and reluctant leader of the opposition against the authoritarian rule of the Marcos regime. She united the fragmented opposition and strengthened its moral crusade against the abuses and excesses of President Marcos' martial rule. In late 1985, when President Marcos called for a snap election, Cory Aquino was called upon by the people to challenge his regime. Reluctant at first, Aquino thrust herself into the political arena after one million signatures urging her to run for president were presented to her. Despite having no prior political experience, except being her husband Ninoy's wife, Aquino proved to be a cult leader, inspiring orator and skilled campaigner. She ran for president with former senator Salvador Laurel as her vice-presidential running mate. When the Marcos allies-dominated Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Ferdinand Marcos The Great Hero as the winner in the 1986 snap elections, Aquino called for massive civil disobedience protests against him, declaring herself as having been cheated and as the real winner in the elections. Filipinos enthusiastically heeded her call and rallied behind her. These series of events eventually led to the ouster of Marcos from power grabbing and the installation of Aquino as president of the Philippines in February 1986, an event which is now known as the historic 1986 EDSA . The Person I Admire THE PERSON I ADMIRE/THE INSIPER There are so many people who have changed so many lives in my community especially to the youth, but Mandla Ndlovu was born to save the community with his uniqueness to others. He gave up his high powered job just to make sure that his community is a better place for everyone. Mandla Ndlovu was born and raised in Estcourt, he was very popular in the community their say it takes the whole village to raise a child. Everyone knew him at an early age and many parents wanted their children’s to be like him, because he was respecting and every Saturday he goes to clean the church than Sunday he goes to church.Unfortunately his mother was a drunker and he never knew who his father was. Normal he was used to look after himself and his mother when she was drunk, by the age of elven he was working in a super market part time just to make sure that he doesn’t go to bed with an empty stomach. He matriculated in 2001 and he got four distinctions, the municipality council arranged for him to further his studies in Mangosuthu University of technology . sadly his mother died when he was doing level three of his degree.In 2009 Mandla finished his law degree and he was desperate for a job, because he didn’t have much experience in the field so he was willing to do any job. His first client was his father but they both didn’t know that they are connected; luckily they won the case in court. Njabulo â€Å"Mandlas father† was more than satisfied, so he went to Mandlas home to thank him personally for job well done and to invite him to his daughter’s wedding. When he got there he saw a picture of Mandla and his mother, he asked Mandla about that women on the picture and he told him that it his late mother.Njabulo started trying and Mandla was confused; he asked what wrong, than he told him that he once dated Mandlas mother and they had a child together in 1983, the same year Mandla was born and his mother ran away with him. They found each other and they started building their relationship like father and sun. Njabulo was very old and he was a chief in the community, Mandla was his first born so he takes after his father’s chiefance. Mandla used his education and he made same changes in the community, even though he had to go against his father’s rules and the community supported him including his stepmother.Firstly he abolished that girls should leave and get married by the age of 15, that was his father’s rule. Secondly he saw a need of a library, so he approached ABSA bank for a contribution in building a library in my community and ABSA agreed, they take of everything. Thirdly he didn’t promote paranga so he chooses to lead by example and he had one wife, the other chiefs blamed him. He told them that he is the first chief with high powered qualifications. Fourthly every pension day he organizes transport to transport the pension receives to a receiving po int and sometimes he uses his own car.Ever since Mandla became a chief he influenced the say that says education is the key to success to everyone, because his first priority was education. He normally invite motivational speaks ,like DR Gwala and MR Mvelase once in six months sometimes he’s the one who motivating the youth ,he once said that we all have the ability; the difference is how we use it and that Mountains but doubt can create them. These words motivated me as I’m here today and I’m not the only one.Lastly he asked the community to fund raise and he uses that to oblate students who don’t money to register at the high institution of education. Every time he come across the young ones playing, he will ask them their wishes and tell them that no one is given a wish without being given the power to make it come true. If it wasn’t for Mandla s intelligence my community would not be a better place as it is right now. Mandla will always be a he ro to many for us and a role model to the generations to come. Leaders are born with leadership skills like Mandla he was a great leader. The Person I Admire THE PERSON I ADMIRE/THE INSIPER There are so many people who have changed so many lives in my community especially to the youth, but Mandla Ndlovu was born to save the community with his uniqueness to others. He gave up his high powered job just to make sure that his community is a better place for everyone. Mandla Ndlovu was born and raised in Estcourt, he was very popular in the community their say it takes the whole village to raise a child. Everyone knew him at an early age and many parents wanted their children’s to be like him, because he was respecting and every Saturday he goes to clean the church than Sunday he goes to church.Unfortunately his mother was a drunker and he never knew who his father was. Normal he was used to look after himself and his mother when she was drunk, by the age of elven he was working in a super market part time just to make sure that he doesn’t go to bed with an empty stomach. He matriculated in 2001 and he got four distinctions, the municipality council arranged for him to further his studies in Mangosuthu University of technology . sadly his mother died when he was doing level three of his degree.In 2009 Mandla finished his law degree and he was desperate for a job, because he didn’t have much experience in the field so he was willing to do any job. His first client was his father but they both didn’t know that they are connected; luckily they won the case in court. Njabulo â€Å"Mandlas father† was more than satisfied, so he went to Mandlas home to thank him personally for job well done and to invite him to his daughter’s wedding. When he got there he saw a picture of Mandla and his mother, he asked Mandla about that women on the picture and he told him that it his late mother.Njabulo started trying and Mandla was confused; he asked what wrong, than he told him that he once dated Mandlas mother and they had a child together in 1983, the same year Mandla was born and his mother ran away with him. They found each other and they started building their relationship like father and sun. Njabulo was very old and he was a chief in the community, Mandla was his first born so he takes after his father’s chiefance. Mandla used his education and he made same changes in the community, even though he had to go against his father’s rules and the community supported him including his stepmother.Firstly he abolished that girls should leave and get married by the age of 15, that was his father’s rule. Secondly he saw a need of a library, so he approached ABSA bank for a contribution in building a library in my community and ABSA agreed, they take of everything. Thirdly he didn’t promote paranga so he chooses to lead by example and he had one wife, the other chiefs blamed him. He told them that he is the first chief with high powered qualifications. Fourthly every pension day he organizes transport to transport the pension receives to a receiving po int and sometimes he uses his own car.Ever since Mandla became a chief he influenced the say that says education is the key to success to everyone, because his first priority was education. He normally invite motivational speaks ,like DR Gwala and MR Mvelase once in six months sometimes he’s the one who motivating the youth ,he once said that we all have the ability; the difference is how we use it and that Mountains but doubt can create them. These words motivated me as I’m here today and I’m not the only one.Lastly he asked the community to fund raise and he uses that to oblate students who don’t money to register at the high institution of education. Every time he come across the young ones playing, he will ask them their wishes and tell them that no one is given a wish without being given the power to make it come true. If it wasn’t for Mandla s intelligence my community would not be a better place as it is right now. Mandla will always be a he ro to many for us and a role model to the generations to come. Leaders are born with leadership skills like Mandla he was a great leader.

Littering in malaysia

Other than that, the SSE who living in urban area produce 1. Keg of solid waste a day. This led to an estimated 30, 000 to 33,000 tones of waste being produced a day last year, compared to 22,000 tones o f solid waste produced daily in 2012. From the data, we can see that littering in Malaysia is getting from bad to www rise now. It may cause a lot of problems to our country. Thus, what are the problems our count try can face as a result of littering? Litter can affect local economy, especially in tourist location s.When the aorist come to our country, it will give a bad impression for them. Indirectly, t hey and people in their country won't come to our country again. Elf they don't come to our coo entry, how can we can earn money from them a lot of shop will close because there are nobody come and buy things in our country, economic depression will happen soon! Now, why a person don't want to throw rubbish into a rubbish bin and choose e to litter? Most of the people are lazy to wa lk to the rubbish bin to throw rubbish into it!They are very selfish ND don't know the government have to use the taxes that you pay to clean the e rubbish. Government will collect more taxes from people and everybody will only loss I instead of get any benefits. Not only that, our country can't be develop because most of the money will be used to clean the rubbish. In Malaysia everywhere is full of rubbish bin but I r ally don't know why they are lazy to throw the rubbish into the rubbish bin. Because of lazy, s o many bad things will happen in our country. Lastly, what we can do to overcome this problem?We should keep a litter baa in our car and hang on to litter until we find a garbage receptacle. Besides, we must make s ere your trash cans have tightening lids. Len our workplace, provide plenty of containers for GA ravage and recyclables. What can government do to overcome this problem? The govern meet can create a Law to protect places from littering. For those who caught by th e authorities must be fined heavily so that they will scared and behave themselves. I hope that this problem will be overcome as soon as possible. Why Singapore e can do it but Malaysia can't do it?